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As LED lighting proliferates in automotive applications, so does condensation. That’s because LED lamps’ heat source is at the rear of the assembly, making the lens area the cold spot where condensation forms most easily. Often with unpleasant results: foggy, cloudy or streaky lenses, and lamps that don’t shine as brightly as when they left the showroom. Condensation could also compromise integrated sensors or other electronic devices.

随着LED照明在汽车应用中日益普及，凝露问题也越来越多。由于LED灯的热源在组件的后部，使得透镜区域成为最容易形成凝露的冷点，从而带来一些不尽人意的结果，例如：透镜中出现雾状或条纹状凝露，灯具的明亮度不如出厂状态。此外，凝露还可能损坏集成传感器或其他电子设备。

A critical aspect of vent selection begins with defining the level of protection your application, device or housing requires.

IP ratings cannot be “converted” to NEMA ratings, since NEMA requires additional testing not included in IP. However, there are minimum NEMA ratings that will meet or exceed a given IP code.

选择防水防尘透气产品时，先确定应用、设备或外壳所需的防护等级非常关键。

由于NEMA需要进行IP中不包含的额外测试，因此IP防护等级无法“转换”为NEMA等级。但是，NEMA防护等级可满足或超出特定IP代码的要求。

Fluctuations in temperature create failures in electronic devices due to pressure differentials. Gore application engineers simulated a rapid heating and cooling cycle to understand the effects of pressure differentials. This document describes the test procedures and results.

This document explains the format and classification of Ingress Protection (IP) ratings, according to the IEC 60529 standards.

Description of standard test used to measure a membrane's ability to stop aqueous flow, and diagram of the apparatus used for water entry pressure testing.

Description of standard test used to measure airflow of low flowing media, and diagram of the apparatus used for Gurley airflow testing.

The key to choosing the appropriate membrane technology for a given application is understanding the environmental conditions and the surface tension of the fluids that the vent will encounter.

Description of standard test used to measure resistance of high flowing media, and diagram of the apparatus used for resistance testing.